{"id":6196,"date":"2026-10-21T17:31:54","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T15:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ra-cocron.de\/news\/mirasci-olarak-iki-sevgili-vicdan-azabi-aileyi-mirasci-yapar-mi\/"},"modified":"2026-10-27T09:12:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T08:12:11","slug":"mirasci-olarak-iki-sevgili-vicdan-azabi-aileyi-mirasci-yapar-mi","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/ra-cocron.de\/tr\/news\/mirasci-olarak-iki-sevgili-vicdan-azabi-aileyi-mirasci-yapar-mi\/","title":{"rendered":"Miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak iki sevgili \u2013 vicdan azab\u0131 aileyi miras\u00e7\u0131 yapar m\u0131?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

85 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir adam iki sevgilisini miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak atar, e\u015fi ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 eli bo\u015f kal\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan iki kad\u0131ndan biri miras\u0131 reddeder. Bir\u00e7ok yak\u0131n bu anda ge\u00e7 de olsa adaletin yerini bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umar. Ancak miras hukuku kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 izler \u2013 pay\u0131n di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lara eklenmesi (Anwachsung).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Olay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Heinrich M. 85 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcr. Evliydi ve iki yeti\u015fkin \u00e7ocu\u011fu vard\u0131. El yaz\u0131s\u0131 bir vasiyetnamede \u015funu belirler: \u201eMiras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131m e\u015fit paylarla Bayan A. ve Bayan B.’dir.\u201c Her iki kad\u0131n da y\u0131llarca onun sevgilisiydi. Vasiyetname ba\u015fka bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermez. E\u015finden ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmez. Tereke 1.200.000,00 \u20ac’dur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vasiyetnamenin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Bayan B. vicdan azab\u0131 \u00e7eker. Aileden \u201ehi\u00e7bir \u015fey almak\u201c istemez ve miras\u0131 s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde reddeder. E\u015f \u015fimdi kendine \u015funu sorar: Bo\u015falan yar\u0131 pay kendisine ve \u00e7ocuklara m\u0131 ge\u00e7er?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSevgili lehine vasiyetname\u201c ge\u00e7erli midir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kural olarak evet. Vasiyet \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ge\u00e7erlidir: Herkes kimin kendisine miras\u00e7\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 serbest\u00e7e belirleyebilir. Federal Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme (BGH) daha 1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir vasiyetnamenin salt miras b\u0131rakan ile lehine tasarruf yap\u0131lan ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir ili\u015fki bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Kazand\u0131rma yaln\u0131zca istisnai olarak, \u00f6rne\u011fin yaln\u0131zca cinsel birlikteli\u011fin bir \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc olmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015fsa ge\u00e7ersizdir. Miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n ileri ya\u015f\u0131 da tek ba\u015f\u0131na bu konuda bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015ftirmez. Belirleyici olan yaln\u0131zca, vasiyetnamenin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi s\u0131rada vasiyet ehliyetine sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 kavray\u0131p kavrayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Miras\u0131n reddi ne sonu\u00e7 do\u011furur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Miras\u0131 reddeden ki\u015fi, hi\u00e7 miras\u00e7\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr (Alman Medeni Kanunu (BGB) md. 1953). Miras\u0131n reddi (Ausschlagung) alt\u0131 hafta i\u00e7inde<\/a> tereke mahkemesine (Nachlassgericht) beyan edilmelidir (BGB md. 1944, 1945). \u00d6nemli: Belirli ki\u015filer \u201elehine\u201c miras\u0131n reddi diye bir \u015fey yoktur. Miras\u0131 reddeden ki\u015fi, pay\u0131n\u0131 kimin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirleyemez. Miras pay\u0131n\u0131n kime ge\u00e7ece\u011fini yaln\u0131zca kanun d\u00fczenler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7 ad\u0131mda inceleme: Yedek miras\u00e7\u0131, pay\u0131n eklenmesi, eklenmenin hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. Yedek miras\u00e7\u0131:<\/strong> Miras b\u0131rakan, miras\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi halinde bir yedek miras\u00e7\u0131 (Ersatzerbe) belirlemi\u015f mi (BGB md. 2096)? Yedek miras\u00e7\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden \u00f6nce gelir. Bu olayda b\u00f6yle biri belirlenmemi\u015ftir. D\u00fc\u015fen bir miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n altsoyunun onun yerine ge\u00e7ece\u011fine ili\u015fkin yasal karine (BGB md. 2069) burada yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaz. Bu karine yaln\u0131zca miras b\u0131rakan\u0131n kendi altsoyundan biri d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ge\u00e7erlidir, bir sevgili i\u00e7in de\u011fil.<\/li>\n\n\n
  2. Pay\u0131n eklenmesi:<\/strong> Burada BGB md. 2094<\/a> devreye girer. Miras b\u0131rakan birden fazla ki\u015fiyi, terekenin tamam\u0131n\u0131 birlikte alacaklar\u0131 ve yasal miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015flanacak \u015fekilde miras\u00e7\u0131 olarak atam\u0131\u015fsa ve bunlardan biri d\u00fc\u015ferse, onun pay\u0131 di\u011fer miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n paylar\u0131na eklenir. \u201ePay\u0131n eklenmesi\u201c (Anwachsung) \u015fu anlama gelir: D\u00fc\u015fen miras\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n pay\u0131, kalan miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcr.<\/li>\n\n\n
  3. Pay\u0131n eklenmesinin hari\u00e7 tutulmas\u0131:<\/strong> Miras b\u0131rakan pay\u0131n eklenmesini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hari\u00e7 tutabilir (BGB md. 2094 f. 3). Heinrich M. bunu yapmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Bayan A. terekenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n tek miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olur. Yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar onun yerine ge\u00e7mez. \u0130yilik yapma duygusu b\u00f6ylece tam tersine d\u00f6ner: Bayan B.’nin miras\u0131 reddetmesi aileye de\u011fil, yaln\u0131zca di\u011fer sevgiliye yarar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ancak Bayan A. da miras\u0131 reddederse veya pay\u0131n eklenmesi hari\u00e7 tutulmu\u015f olsayd\u0131 yasal miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k devreye girerdi. O zaman e\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar miras\u00e7\u0131 olurdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aileye ne kal\u0131r? Vasiyetnameye ra\u011fmen sakl\u0131 pay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    E\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar sakl\u0131 paylar\u0131n\u0131 (Pflichtteil) korur. Bu, miras\u00e7\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 yasal miras pay\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131<\/a> tutar\u0131nda bir para alaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r (BGB md. 2303). Miras\u0131n reddi bu tutarda bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sakl\u0131 pay zaten terekenin tamam\u0131 \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131r. E\u015fler yasal mal rejimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131ysa, e\u015f ayr\u0131ca edinilmi\u015f mallara kat\u0131lma alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (Zugewinnausgleich) talep edebilir. Bu durumda e\u015f, denkle\u015ftirme alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u201ek\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u201c sakl\u0131 pay olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan pay\u0131 (BGB md. 1371 f. 2), yani e\u015fler i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc art\u0131\u015f olmaks\u0131z\u0131n hesaplanan sakl\u0131 pay\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bu ne anlama geliyor?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n